Showing posts with label Vocabulary Course. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Vocabulary Course. Show all posts

Sunday, April 10, 2011

Vocabulary Course: Foreign Origin English Word of the Day: Cooties

Cooties

Origin: Malayan/Tagalog:
kutu: lice

Part of Speech: 
n.

English Meaning:
Cooties is an imaginary disease that young American children give each other on the playground in a game that is similar to tag. Cooties is spread from any accidental contact between the opposite sex for children that are pre-pubescent. For example, cooties could be spread if a boy and girl would accidently touch each others hands by mistake when reaching for the same piece of chalk at the blackboard in their classroom.

In addition, Cooties can also be joked about playfully between adult Americans, such as between lovers or spouses who accidently crash into each other, as a shared memory about American childhood.

I just asked my husband how he pictures 'Girl Cooties' and, he replied, (I quote) "girl germs."* Often times children will just yell 'girl germs' or 'boy germs' after accidently touching each other too. However, when I think of 'Boy Cooties', I do think of some nasty little parasitic bug like lice which is interesting as this is the original meaning of the malayan 'kutu'.

Example I: 

Sally, a six year old child, accidently bumps into Jimmy, her classmate of the same age, on the way out to the playground during the lunch hour.

Jimmy: "Gross! You touched my arm! Oh great. Now you gave me Cooties!'

Sally: (looking horrified and shaking her head defiantly) "No way! I so do not have Cooties!"

Jimmy: (frantically wiping off his arm to get rid of the Cooties) "You do too! So gross!" (turning to his friend Bobby) "Sally has Cooties and gave them to me."

Bobby: (making a face of disgust) "Yuck! Girl Cooties!" (suddenly a genius appears on his face) "Hey Jimmy, just give her the cooties back."

Sally: EEEEEEEEEEEKKKKKK! (While running away with Jimmy chasing her in an attempt to touch her arm thus to give her 'Boy Cooties' in revenge.)

Example II:

The song Cooties from the popular American Broadway musical and movie Hairspray, complete with lyrics.



* To which my husband then gave me a big smile and added, "Cooties? as a blog post? Cool!"

Friday, April 8, 2011

Vocabulary Course: Rain, Rain, Go Away...

Quiz: Do you know how to complete the ancient but still popular nursery rhyme, 'Rain, rain, go away'? 

Answer at the bottom of the post... 

Guess what? It's raining again in Chicago. I sound like a broken record this spring. However, today it is not really raining, but more like something people in London call mizzle, which is somewhere between mist and drizzle. It's the type of rain that you don't really need an umbrella for if you are running from building to building, but beware if you are outside for any extended length of time. One would end up soaked to the bone. Anyways, the weatherman says it is supposed to clear up by mid-afternoon, so maybe I can keep my fingers crossed and by the time I am finished writing, a beautiful rainbow will come out, the birds will sing, the flowers will bloom, and it will be sunny and 70F. I'm not holding my breath, but it is a nice fantasy to have, right?

Did you understand all of the words for rain that I used in the previous paragraph? Being able to describe rain is very important, especially if you are going to visit or live in the northern States, Canada, or of course, the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Let's learn all about the wet stuff!

Essential Vocabulary for Rain

Terms for Light Rain: (Using an Umbrella is debatable...)

to spit (v) ~ literally like spitting from your mouth. It means that a few drops of rain will fall, then start, then stop, then start...If you were at a picnic, you would see a few drops of rain fall on the tablecloth or blanket, in which you would then panic and start to cover all the food up. Then you would look up at the sky when it immediately stops. By the time you think to yourself, "Phew, that was close!" you only then realize that once again, it has started to spit more...repeat this process repeatedly until it either a) stops raining for good, or 2) begins to do something 'wetter' (see below)...

sprinkling (ger)/to sprinkle (v) ~  sort of like spitting but ever so slightly heavier. Maybe the drops are a big bigger in diameter or maybe there are more of them. However, the main point is that it is sporadic and falls lightly.

mist (n)/to mist (v) ~ technically a cloud of water right at ground level and the water is literally hanging in the air, almost like 'rainy fog'

fine rain (n) ~ a fine rain is where it is raining but you cannot see the drops nor really feel them it is a very, light rain

mizzle (n)/to mizzle (v) (British English) ~ somewhere between mist and drizzle

drizzle (n)/to drizzle (v) ~ a light rain with little drops

Terms for 'Average' Rain (Using an Umbrella is necessary...)

rain shower (n) ~ a spell of rain for a given length of time which then gives way to the sun once more

showery (adv) ~ a day where it rains off and on; there are multiple rain showers in a given day

scattered showers (n)/intermittent showers (n) ~maybe it is raining on your side of town but not on the other side of town at the same time

rainy (adv) ~ a day where a rain falls for an extended period of time which can last hours or days or weeks. However, it is multiple periods of light rain or 'average' rain.

Terms for Heavy Rain (Using an Umbrella is beyond necessary but it might get destroyed in the process...)

torrential rain (n) ~ very heavy rainfall that falls very quickly

downpour (n) ~ heavy rains

pouring (ger)/to pour (v) ~  rain that falls heavily from the sky almost like pouring water from a cup

cloudburst (n) ~ a sudden violent rainfall

deluge (n) ~ an overwhelming amount of rain

sheets of rain (n)/to rain in sheets (n) ~ rain that actually falls heavily in waves that actually looks like sheets falling from the sky

monsoon (n) ~ a rainy season in Asia; used in American English for any period of heavy rainfall; a time of heavy rains in the summer in the deserts of the American Southwest

flood (n) ~ either heavy rains over a short amount of time or rains over too many days or a combination of the two that ends up being so much water that it will flood river banks, overwhelm small streams, or flood desert canyons; a dangerous situation because people and animals can drown and houses and property can be destroyed

flash flood (n) ~ sudden rain so heavy that it will flood river banks, overwhelm small streams, or flood desert canyons; a dangerous situation because people and animals can be caught off guard and be overwhelmed and drown and houses and property can be destroyed

Idiomatic Rain Terms

It's raining buckets! ~ literally it feels like buckets of rain are falling from the sky

It's raining cats and dogs! ~ The original meaning of this saying is a mystery, so just think of it as it is raining so heavy it feels like almost anything might just fall from the sky.

It's raining/It's pouring/The Old Man is Snorning/He bumped his head and went to bed/And he couldn't get up in the morning! ~  yet another popular children's nursery rhyme to commemorate something tragic. American children like to sing this song as they splash through puddles coming home from school.

Warning!: If you play the following video, you will have this little tune in your head for days and days, whether it is raining or not! Do not flame me that you are mad that you can't stop singing it; you were warned! :) (Now you know why American children sing it over, and over, and over and over, and...)



Essential Vocabulary 

to sound like a broken record (v/idiom) ~ to say something so often a person sounds like a skippping record. Ahem...you know, those old things that used to be played on record players. You know, before CDs. Yes, there was actually a time called B.CD....before CD. Hard to imagine right? Such a loooooong time ago, the Dark Ages so to speak...I believe it was called the early 1980's. OK. Get that smirk off of your face...don't make me feel old...now where was I? Oh yes, I know, we need a better idiom, but sadly this one will have to do for now in English. I am sure it will change when no one alive can remember a record player. (Or maybe not, languages have an interesting way of holding onto the past...)

to keep my fingers crossed (v/saying) ~ to literally cross the index and middle fingers in a gesture for good luck; to wish good luck for yourself or someone

to not be holding one's breath (v) ~ something probably isn't going to happen so one doesn't have much hope that it will ever happen

I'm sad to announce that I have just finished writing this post and it is still mizzling out! Ugh! Sigh. Maybe tomorrow. (Meaning: Maybe tomorrow it will actually be nice out!) 

A: Rain, rain, go away/Come again another day! 

Instead of listening to this nursery rhyme (see, I'm kind, I don't want you singing kiddie songs all day long!), I've linked you to a jazz version in this classic Charlie Brown cartoon instead. 



That is all for me, Yummers. I hope you are having nice weather in your part of the world!

Wednesday, April 6, 2011

Vocabulary Course: What's Your Story?

The word story seems like a simple vocabulary word until you ask four native English speakers in a room what story means. To your shock, you realize that you heard four different answers. The English language is rich in vocabulary, and one word can have many different but similar meanings.

Let's look at four main definitions of story in English:

Story
1. a report/article found in a newspaper/magazine
2. chronological events that make up a book, movie, or an individual's life
3. an alibi
4. a fabricated description of events

Examples:

1. I just read an excellent story in Time magazine entitled, "Amid Tweeted Frustration, Japan May Take Control of TEPCO", which is about how the Japanese government might have to take control over the Fukushima nuclear power plant from the company TEPCO.

2. Have you seen the film Black Swan? It's such a dark story!

3. Last week President Obama took to the airwaves and addressed the American people on the No-Fly-Zone over Libya. The president insisted that he is not going to put boots on the ground. Many people are not convinced that he is telling the truth, but so far he is sticking to his story.

4. If President Obama suddenly puts ground troops in Libya, then we can say that he was telling us all a story when he explained on television that the conflict in Libya would only be a limited air campaign and would not expand in scope.

Essential Vocabulary

alibi (n) ~ an excuse that may or may not be the truth

to fabricate (v) ~ to make up

took to the airwaves ~ to go on television, the radio, or the internet to deliver a message

No-Fly-Zone (n) ~ a place where planes are not allowed to fly, for purposes like: 1) special events, such as a Presidential Inauguration, Royal Wedding, Olympic Games etc., or 2) wars or to stop clashes from becoming a full blown war.

to put boots on the ground  (v) ~ a military term which means to put ground troops in a battle

to stick to (v) ~ to not waver in the course of action or in what has been said

Monday, April 4, 2011

Vocabulary Course: Foreign Origin English Word of the Day: Pell Mell

Pell Mell

Origin: French: pêle-mêle

Part of Speech: Adv.

English Meaning: in a topsy-turvy manner; chaotic; disorderly

Example 1: 
I actually used this wonderful vocabulary gem today in spoken English, so I felt that I had to share it with all of you! Here is what I said mid-afternoon in a conversation with a colleague:

(Suddenly looking out the window) "Wow! I just saw a policeman run all pell mell out of the F building*! I wonder what is going on?"**

Example 2: 

























A painting by Howard Pyle entitled: They Scrambled Up the Parapet and Went over the Top, Pell Mell, Upon the British, C.1897 

The title of this painting describes the soldiers in blue, who are the American Revolutionary soldiers. The soldiers in red are the British soldiers. In my opinion, the poor British soldier at the bottom of the painting also fits the criteria of today's vocabulary word. I could say something like:

"The British soldier was falling pell mell."

Pell mell is not to be confused with:












A street in London, nor....


















A brand of cigarettes!

~ Try to use pell mell in English today! ~

* This is the name of a building on a college campus in Chicago.
** Note: I never did figure out why the policeman was running pell mell!

Monday, March 28, 2011

Vocacabulary Course: Jasmine Revolution

Vocabulary Term: 
Jasmine Revolution

Meaning:
Jasmine Revolution is a term coined for the Tunisian Revolution that occurred in the beginning of January 2011.

Most interesting, this term seems to be quickly evolving as I have seen it used to describe all of the democratic movements that are sweeping the Middle East. Note: I use 'democratic' in the sense meaning 'freedom and power to the people', not democratic in the sense of a specific form of governance such as 'Western'-styled democracy.

Interestingly, this term is now coming into parlance in China as well by an online protest movement that the government is increasingly wary over. According to a New York Times article, Chinese censors have even attempted to block the word 'jasmine' from social networking sites and search engines.

Example:
The Egyptian people were quite moved by the Jasmine Revolution and started to protest in their own country for better living conditions and freedom of expression.

Note: I will continue to modify this post as this term evolves.

Vocabulary Course: New Oxford English Dictionary Entries March 2011 Edition

Languages are fluid like water. The popularity of words ebb and flow like the tides themselves. If you don't believe me, check out this comparison chart of Old and Middle English.

EEEK! Painful to read, isn't it? It doesn't look anything like modern English, right?

When I had to read even a 'translated' version of Beowulf (written sometime between the 8-12 century) for high school, I thought my head would pop off. Instant headache. (Although I must admit, it is a very cool tale indeed.)

However, I digress. This post isn't about archaic forms of English. (I think I actually heard you breathe a sigh  of relief at this piece of information!) I will leave that topic for another day. (I promise I will make it interesting.)

My point is that English is constantly evolving. Personally, I think it is changing even faster nowadays due to the Internet, but I digress again.

(Um, I really, really hope that you bothered to look up digress in your dictionary. How'ya gonna learn advanced English if you don't look up the verbose words I use occasionally in your posts? See, there is a method to my madness. Yup. You do need to look up verbose too.)

The point of this post is to teach you some really cool slang that is currently being used in the States which has now made it to the latest version of the Oxford English Dictionary.

So let's have a little fun, shall we? I am going to list several of the new entries and give you a wee little multiple choice test. Scroll down to the bottom of the post for the answers. Good luck!

Let's begin...

1. muffin top
a. the flabby around ones hips that 'pops up' over ones waistline when one wears too tight of trousers
b. the yummy crumbly bit of extra dough that is stuck to a bake pan
c. any strange rock formation that is created from volcanic flow

2. five second rule
a. what you yell right before you pass gas
b. what you yell when you quickly put in your mouth any dropped food upon the floor that you still really want to eat
c. what you yell in a nightclub when you see an attractive person lock eyes with you across the dance floor. This means that they are obligated to come over and talk to you.

3. OMG
a. texting slang for 'oh my god!'
b. texting slang for 'oh the man's gorgeous!'
c. texting slang for 'only my guess!'

4. La-La Land
a. the name of a pretend place where no one gets old or is poor
b. a polite term for saying you have to go to the toilet
c. a term for Los Angeles that equates the city to being a fantasy place

Can't get enough of the latest in English vocabulary? Follow this link to the Oxford English Dictionary and learn all of the newest words in the English language. Then at cocktail parties, go up to native English speakers and quiz them! Watch their reaction as they realize that you know more about their language than they do. hee-hee! (Just be a good sport about teasing them, OK? OK.)

And now, drum roll please...

Quiz Answers
1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. c

Saturday, March 26, 2011

Vocabulary Course: Foreign Origin English Word of the Day: Tsunami

Tsunami
Origin: Japanese; Meaning: 津(harbor) 波(wave)
English Meaning: Gigantic wave originating from a volcano or oceanic earthquake. (Incorrectly translated as 'tidal wave'.)

According to scientists, tsunamis have everything to do with plates and nothing to do with tides. English speakers used to use the term 'tidal wave' for such waves but tsunami is now used instead as it properly describes the geologic event English speakers were trying to describe. This term came into popular daily spoken and written English after the tsunami in 2004 in Indonesia.

This illustrates how languages are living breathing cultural entities. Languages will adapt and incorporate terms from other languages if the new term can describe something more precisely than what was used in the original language. (Thus tsunami replaced 'tidal wave'.)

Now that people can watch a tsunami live on television no matter where they are in the world, whether in a desert or in a rainforest or in a tundra, this word in here to stay as part of this eras modern English language vocabulary.

Vocabulary Course: Japanese Nuclear Crisis

Sadly the Japanese disaster of March 11, 2011 came in threes: 1. an earthquake, 2. a tsunami, and 3. a nuclear crisis. We are one connected world. Radiation does not stop at a nation's border. Do care about the people of Japan and also care about yourself in the world you live in by learning these terms so you can follow the news in English and make educated decisions about this monumental disaster.

IAEA (acronym)
Definition: The United Nations' nuclear watchdog is the International Atomic Energy Agency. This organization follows all things relating to nuclear science.
Example: The IAEA has been prodding the Japanese government for more information about the crippled nuclear reactors.

nuclear fission (n)
Definition: The process by which the nuclear reaction takes place in a nuclear power plant.Example: In nuclear fission, the atoms sub divide and form products such as gamma rays.

nuclear fusion (n)
Definition: The process by which the sun generates its energy.
Example: In nuclear fision, the atoms come together and fuse.

radioactivity (n)
Definition: When a nuclei is unstable, it emits particles or rays which can be dangerous for human health.
Example: Radioactivity has been detected in the tap water in the Tokyo area.

radioactive (n)
Definition: That which gives off radioactivity.
Example: Uranium is a radioactive substance.

radiation (n)
Definition: The transmission radiant energy.
Example: The different types of radiation are alpha, beta, and gamma.

to irradiate (v) 
Definition: To be exposed to radiation.
Example: Unfortunately three workers at the Fukushima nuclear power plant were irradiated when they stepped in radioactive water and received beta burns on their feet.

uranium (n)
Definition: Number 92 of the periodic table, a naturally occurring element that emits radiation.
Example: Uranium can be found in mines and is used in nuclear fuel rods.

plutonium (n)
Definition: Number 94 of the periodic table, the most toxic element on earth.
Example: Fukushima Daiichi reactor #3 runs on a combination of uranium and plutonium.

nuclear reactor (n)
Definition: The piece of equipment in which nuclear fission takes place in order to generate electricity or power. Within the nuclear reactor is the reactor core.
Example: Fukushima Daiichi #1 nuclear power plant has a total of six nuclear reactors on site.

nuclear reactor core (n)
Definition: Within a nuclear reactor is the reactor core which contains the nuclear fuel rods.
Example: Japanese officials are worried that the reactor core of reactor #3 is damaged and leaking radiation.

nuclear fuel rod (n)
Definition: The nuclear fuel rods are contained in the reactor core. Each fuel rod is made up of pellets of uranium.
Example: A nuclear fuel rod is enclosed in a zirconium casing in order to keep the radioactivity form leaking out.

zirconium casing (n)
Definition: The outer cover of a nuclear fuel rod.
Example: A nuclear fuel rod is enclosed in a zirconium casing in order to keep the radioactivity form leaking out.

containment vessel (n)
Definition: The steel shell that surrounds a nuclear reactor.
Example: If a containment vessel of a nuclear reactor is cracked, radioactivity will be emitted into the environment.

spent fuel rod (n)
Definition: When a nuclear fuel rod has run out of energy it is used up or spent.
Example: There is fear that the spent fuel pools at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant are damaged and leaking water, causing the spent fuel rods to be exposed to oxygen and heat up.

spent fuel pool (n)
Definition: A large container of water where the spent fuel rods of a nuclear power plant are kept.
Example: There is fear that the spent fuel pools at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant are damaged and leaking water, causing the spent fuel rods to be exposed to oxygen and heat up.

recriticality (n)
Definition: When previously spent fuel rods overheat and form a nuclear chain reaction creating fission once more.
Example: There is great fear that the spent fuel pools at the Fukushima nuclear power plant will reach recriticality. 

meltdown (n)
Definition: When a nuclear core overheats or if a spent fuel pool is damaged, the nuclear fuel rods can melt. This is a problem because radiation can be emitted.
Example: There is fear that at least three reactors are in the process of meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.

sievert (n)
Definition: A measuring system for biological changes from radiation.
Example: Two workers at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant were exposed to 2-6 sievert of radiation when they stepped into radioactive water.

cold storage (n)
Definition: A term for when a nuclear reactor or rod is in cold water and is no longer producing fission.
Example: Workers at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant are scrambling to get the nuclear reactors and spent fuel rods in cold storage.

Vocabulary Course: Great Tohoku Canto Earthquake and Tsunami

For those of you trying to keep up with the devestating news out of Japan, I have compiled a list of essential English vocabulary words that will help you when reading or listening to English media.

earthquake (n)
Definition: shaking or moving of the earth's crust resulting to shifts in geological plates.
Example: Last week Japan had a huge earthquake measuring 9.0 on the richter scale.

richter scale (n)
Definition: a scale used to measure the intensity of earthquakes from 0 to 10+.
Example: Last week Japan had a huge earthquake measuring 9.0 on the richter scale.

tsunami (n)
Definition: A Japanese word which means 'tidal wave' in English. Due to the power of this word, English speakers are using this word more and more and it can now be considered part of the English language. In recent years, English speakers would use 'tsunami' instead of 'tidal wave'. This is a great example of how languages are fluid and adaptable. If one culture has a better way to express a concept, this word in time becomes incorporated into another culture's language.
Example: A massive tsunami hit Japan after the earthquake on March 11. 

search and rescue (n)
Definition: first responder teams try to aid people in the early hours of a disaster.
Example: Many countries sent their search and rescue teams to Japan to look for survivors from the earthquake. 

rescue mission (n)
Definition: an attempt to try to save someone from danger.
Example: There are many rescue missions taking place in Japan after the earthquake.

recovery mission (n)
Definition: A delicate term in English used to describe recovering bodies from a disaster. When the English media switches from using the term of 'rescue mission' to 'recovery mission', it means that the government has very little hope at that point in time of finding anyone alive from the disaster. In earthquakes, this usually occurs around day seven to day ten.
Example: Sadly, the recovery mission has started after the earthquake in Japan.

relief effort (n)
Definition: This describes the aid given to survivors from a disaster. Relief efforts include bringing hot meals, water, and blankets to the survivors by groups like the red cross and red crescent.
Example: The Japanese Red Cross is engaged in a massive relief effort in Japan.

to evacuate (v)
Definition: to leave one's home due to a disaster.
Example: Many people have had to evacuate their homes in Sendai due to their houses being structurally unfit for habitation.

evacuation (n)
Definition: an organized effort to remove people from a dangerous place.
Example: The Japanese government has order an evacuation from villages that were destroyed by the earthquake.

evacuee (n)
Definition: a person who has been evacuated.
Example: The evacuees have been taken to an evacuation center.

evacuation center (n)
Definition: a place where an evacuee is taken.
Example: 
The evacuees have been taken to an evacuation center.